GRAPHIC FEATURES & REFERENCES

Main graphic conventions used in the periodical historical atlas

Independant state

Dependant state

Part of a state

Sub-part of a state

Under loose control

Uncertain boundaries

Shared authority

Unknown status

TERRAE INCOGNITAE, unknown regions

Unknown population

Not well known population

Rough territories

(depending from CALIFAT)

(roman diocese)

(province, theme etc.)

(under loose control of ROMAN)

(uncertain boundaries between ROMAN and CALIFAT)

(condominium of CYPRUS)

(unknown territories between SERBIA and BULGARIA)

(white)

(name on white)

(grey or shade of grey)

The names are written in latin
from AD 1 to AD 500
and in french from
AD 600 to AD 900.

Modern notions such as "borders" or "state" do not correspond to
ancient political facts. That is why graduate colors towards white
are often used.

References

Atlante Storico, G. Motta, I.G.D.A.N. 1979
Atlas des Vikings, John Haywood, éd. Autrement 1996, ISBN 2-86260-569-7
Atlas historique de l'Afrique, Ajayi & Crowder, éd. du Jaguar 1988, ISBN 2-86950-079-4
Atlas historique, Duby, Larousse, 1978
Atlas historique, Putzger 1908 (v. polonaise), 1938 (v. suisse) et 1981 (v. suisse)
Atlas historique, Stock 1968, ISBN 2-7242-3596-7
Atlas of European History, Times Books 1994, ISBN 0-7230-0601-6
Atlas of the Arab-Islamic History, (v. arabe) Dr Shawqi Abu Khalil, 1996, ISBN 1-57547-009-8
Chronologie de l'Histoire universelle, Volkmann, éd. Gisserot 1997
Chronologie universelle, Larousse 1996, ISBN 2-03-521228-6
D.T.V. Atlas zur Weltgeschichte 1964 (version française), Stock 1968
Dictionnaire des Nationalités et des Minorités de l'ex - URSS, Larousse 1992, ISBN 2-03-720263-6
Dictionnaire encyclopédique d'Histoire, Mourre, Bordas 1997
Early Medieval Ireland, Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, Longman 1996, ISBN 0-582-015650
ENCYCLOPAEDIA UNIVERSALIS, France 1980
Géographie historique du Monde méditerranéen, publications de La Sorbonne 1988, ISBN 2-85944-152-2
Grosser Historischer Weltatlas, tomes I & II, Bayerische Schulbuch - Verlag, München 1978
Guide romain antique, Hacquard & consorts, Hachette, Paris 1952
Histoire de l'Etat byzantin, Ostrogorsky, Payot, Paris 1956
Histoire du Déclin et de la Chute de l' Empire romain, Gibbon, v. française, Laffont 1983
Histoire politique du Royaume burgonde, Justin Favrod, BHV, Lausanne 1997, ISBN 2-88454-113-6
Historical Atlas of Armenia, Garbis Armen, éd. Vrej-Armen Artinian, ISBN 0-9617933-0-9
Historical Atlas, Hammond, N.J. 1976
Istorikos Atlas, éd. Loukopoulos, Athènes, (v. grecque)
Itinéraires romains en France, éd. Faton, Dijon 1994
La Principauté lombarde de Salerne vol. 1, Huguette Taviani-Carozzi, ISBN 2-7283-0240-1
Le M'zab, éd. Arthaud 1973, ISBN 2-7003-0226-5
Les Arabes dans l'Histoire, Bernard Lewis, Flammarion 1993, ISBN 2-08-081362-5
Les Slaves, Francis Conte, Albin Michel 1996, ISBN 08738-9
Pankosmios Istorikos Atlas, tome 1, Karnezi, éd. Pnyka, Athènes 1974 (v. grecque)
The Historical Atlas of Poland, Warszawa 1986
The New Penguin Atlas of Medieval History, Colin Mc Evedy 1992
I thank all my correspondents I encountered on the web especially through Mediev-l and Medievale and who provided me with very useful help.

Feel free to send your remarks, corrections or questions.

I'm awaiting your message Christos Nüssli, christos.nuessli@span.ch.

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